The Welfare State and the European Social Contract: 20th Century Economic and Social Reforms by Oliver Shaw explores the evolution of the welfare state in Europe throughout the 20th century. Beginning with the aftermath of World War I and continuing through the post-World War II period, the book examines the social and economic reforms that gave rise to the European welfare model. The narrative delves into the development of social democracy, the establishment of national health systems, the expansion of education, and the creation of comprehensive social safety nets that aimed to reduce poverty, inequality, and social instability. Shaw analyzes the political, economic, and social factors that shaped these reforms, offering insights into the debates surrounding the role of the state in providing social protection. The book also explores the impact of key historical events, such as the Great Depression, the rise of neoliberalism, and the European debt crises, on welfare systems and their continued evolution. By drawing on primary sources, key policy documents, and case studies from across Europe, Shaw offers a comprehensive look at how the welfare state became a central feature of European societies, while also addressing the ongoing challenges and debates surrounding its sustainability and future in a globalized world.